Menu
Kaksplus
VAUVAHAAVEET
Hedelmällisyys
Lapsettomuus
Adoptio
Ovulaatiolaskuri
RASKAUS
Raskaus viikko viikolta
Synnytys
Synnytystarinat
Raskauslaskuri
VAUVA
Imetys ja vauvan ruoka
Vauvan kehitys
Vauvan terveys
Nimikone
LAPSI
Lapsen kehitys
Lapsen terveys
Pituuslaskuri
PERHE-ELÄMÄ
Ruoka
Vaatteet ja varusteet
Koti
Vapaa-aika
Parisuhde
Työ ja raha
VANHEMMUUS
Kasvatus
Vanhemman terveys
Minun tarinani
LASKURIT
Ovulaatiolaskuri
Raskauslaskuri
Raskaus viikko viikolta
Kiinalainen syntymäkalenteri
Nimikone
Pituuslaskuri
PODCAST
KILPAILUT
BLOGIT
Menu
ETUSIVU
KESKUSTELUT
Aihe vapaa
Lapsen saaminen
Vauva ja taapero
Lapset ja teinit
Perhe-elämä
Seksi
Seksinovellit ja eroottiset tarinat
KÄYTTÄJÄT
OHJEITA
Kirjaudu
Rekisteröidy
Hae
Hae vain otsikoista
Käyttäjältä:
Hae vain otsikoista
Käyttäjältä:
Kaksplussan Keskustelupalsta
Kirjaudu
Kaksplus
VAUVAHAAVEET
Hedelmällisyys
Lapsettomuus
Adoptio
Ovulaatiolaskuri
RASKAUS
Raskaus viikko viikolta
Synnytys
Synnytystarinat
Raskauslaskuri
VAUVA
Imetys ja vauvan ruoka
Vauvan kehitys
Vauvan terveys
Nimikone
LAPSI
Lapsen kehitys
Lapsen terveys
Pituuslaskuri
PERHE-ELÄMÄ
Ruoka
Vaatteet ja varusteet
Koti
Vapaa-aika
Parisuhde
Työ ja raha
VANHEMMUUS
Kasvatus
Vanhemman terveys
Minun tarinani
LASKURIT
Ovulaatiolaskuri
Raskauslaskuri
Raskaus viikko viikolta
Kiinalainen syntymäkalenteri
Nimikone
Pituuslaskuri
PODCAST
KILPAILUT
BLOGIT
Aihe vapaa
Abstakti ajattelu...
JavaScript is disabled. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding.
Vastaa viestiketjuun
Muistiinpanot
<p>[QUOTE="Occamin partaveitsi, post: 31147559, member: 138776"]</p><p>Tässä tasapainoinen wiki aiheesta <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence</a></p><p></p><p>ja minun haploilla (genetiikalla) viittaamani asia löytyy siitä myös:</p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><strong>Genetics of race and intelligence</strong></span></p><p>Main article: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_genetics">Race and genetics</a></p><p>The decoding of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genome">human genome</a> has enabled scientists to search for sections of the genome that may contribute to cognitive abilities.</p><p></p><p>Geneticist, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_R._Templeton">Alan R. Templeton</a> argues that the question about the possible genetic effects on the test score gap is muddled by the general focus on "race" rather than on populations defined by gene frequency or by geographical proximity, and by the general insistence on phrasing the question in terms of heritability.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#cite_note-Templeton_2001-111">[111]</a> Templeton points out that racial groups neither represent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-species">sub-species</a> nor distinct <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lineage_%28evolution%29">evolutionary lineages</a>, and that therefore there is no basis for making claims about the general intelligence of races.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#cite_note-Templeton_2001-111">[111]</a> From this point of view the search for possible genetic influences on the black-white test score gap is a priori flawed, because there is no genetic material shared by all Africans or by all Europeans. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#CITEREFMackintosh2011">Mackintosh (2011)</a> points out that by using genetic cluster analysis to correlate gene frequencies with continental populations it could possibly be the case that African populations had a higher frequency of certain genetic variants that contribute to an average lower intelligence. Such a hypothetical situation could hold without all Africans carrying the same genes or belonging to a single Evolutionary lineage. According to Mackintosh, a biological basis for the gap thus cannot be ruled out on a priori grounds.</p><p></p><p>Intelligence is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygenic_trait">polygenic trait</a>. This means that intelligence is under the influence of several genes, possibly several thousand. The effect of most individual genetic variants on intelligence is thought to be very small, well below 1% of the variance in <em>g</em>. Current studies using <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantitative_trait_loci">quantitative trait loci</a> have yielded little success in the search for genes influencing intelligence. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Plomin">Robert Plomin</a> is confident that QTLs responsible for the variation in IQ scores exist, but due to their small effect sizes, more powerful tools of analysis will be required to detect them.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Others assert that no useful answers can be reasonably expected from such research before an understanding of the relation between DNA and human phenotypes emerges.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#cite_note-Cooper_2005-93">[93]</a> Several candidate genes have been proposed to have a relationship with intelligence.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#cite_note-113">[113]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#cite_note-114">[114]</a> However, a review of candidate genes for intelligence published in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#CITEREFDearyJohnsonHoulihan2009">Deary, Johnson & Houlihan (2009)</a> failed to find evidence of an association between these genes and general intelligence, stating "there is still almost no replicated evidence concerning the individual genes, which have variants that contribute to intelligence differences".<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#cite_note-Deary.2C_Johnson_.26_Houlihan_2009-115">[115]</a></p><p></p><p>A 2005 literature review article by Sternberg, Grigorenko and Kidd stated that no gene has been shown to be linked to intelligence, "so attempts to provide a compelling genetic link of race to intelligence are not feasible at this time".<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#cite_note-FOOTNOTESternbergGrigorenkoKidd200546-116">[116]</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#CITEREFHunt2010">Hunt (2010)</a>, p. 447 and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#CITEREFMackintosh2011">Mackintosh (2011)</a>, p. 344 concurred, both scholars noting that while several environmental factors have been shown to influence the IQ gap, the evidence for a genetic influence has been circumstantial, and according to Mackintosh negligible. Mackintosh however suggests that it may never become possible to account satisfyingly for the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors. The 2012 review by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#CITEREFNisbettAronsonBlairDickens2012">Nisbett et al. (2012)</a> concluded that "Almost no genetic polymorphisms have been discovered that are consistently associated with variation in IQ in the normal range". Hunt and several other researchers however maintain that genetic causes cannot be ruled out and that new evidence may yet show a genetic contribution to the gap. Hunt concurs with Rushton and Jensen who considered the 100% environmental hypothesis to be impossible. Nonetheless, Nisbett and colleagues (2012) consider the entire IQ gap to be explained by the environmental factors that have thus far been demonstrated to influence it, and Mackintosh does not find this view to be unreasonable.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#cite_note-FOOTNOTENisbettAronsonBlairDickens2012-24">[24]</a></p><p>[/QUOTE]</p>
[QUOTE="Occamin partaveitsi, post: 31147559, member: 138776"] Tässä tasapainoinen wiki aiheesta [URL]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence[/URL] ja minun haploilla (genetiikalla) viittaamani asia löytyy siitä myös: [SIZE=4][B]Genetics of race and intelligence[/B][/SIZE] Main article: [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_genetics']Race and genetics[/URL] The decoding of the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genome']human genome[/URL] has enabled scientists to search for sections of the genome that may contribute to cognitive abilities. Geneticist, [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_R._Templeton']Alan R. Templeton[/URL] argues that the question about the possible genetic effects on the test score gap is muddled by the general focus on "race" rather than on populations defined by gene frequency or by geographical proximity, and by the general insistence on phrasing the question in terms of heritability.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#cite_note-Templeton_2001-111'][111][/URL] Templeton points out that racial groups neither represent [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-species']sub-species[/URL] nor distinct [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lineage_%28evolution%29']evolutionary lineages[/URL], and that therefore there is no basis for making claims about the general intelligence of races.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#cite_note-Templeton_2001-111'][111][/URL] From this point of view the search for possible genetic influences on the black-white test score gap is a priori flawed, because there is no genetic material shared by all Africans or by all Europeans. [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#CITEREFMackintosh2011']Mackintosh (2011)[/URL] points out that by using genetic cluster analysis to correlate gene frequencies with continental populations it could possibly be the case that African populations had a higher frequency of certain genetic variants that contribute to an average lower intelligence. Such a hypothetical situation could hold without all Africans carrying the same genes or belonging to a single Evolutionary lineage. According to Mackintosh, a biological basis for the gap thus cannot be ruled out on a priori grounds. Intelligence is a [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygenic_trait']polygenic trait[/URL]. This means that intelligence is under the influence of several genes, possibly several thousand. The effect of most individual genetic variants on intelligence is thought to be very small, well below 1% of the variance in [I]g[/I]. Current studies using [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantitative_trait_loci']quantitative trait loci[/URL] have yielded little success in the search for genes influencing intelligence. [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Plomin']Robert Plomin[/URL] is confident that QTLs responsible for the variation in IQ scores exist, but due to their small effect sizes, more powerful tools of analysis will be required to detect them.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#cite_note-112'][112][/URL] Others assert that no useful answers can be reasonably expected from such research before an understanding of the relation between DNA and human phenotypes emerges.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#cite_note-Cooper_2005-93'][93][/URL] Several candidate genes have been proposed to have a relationship with intelligence.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#cite_note-113'][113][/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#cite_note-114'][114][/URL] However, a review of candidate genes for intelligence published in [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#CITEREFDearyJohnsonHoulihan2009']Deary, Johnson & Houlihan (2009)[/URL] failed to find evidence of an association between these genes and general intelligence, stating "there is still almost no replicated evidence concerning the individual genes, which have variants that contribute to intelligence differences".[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#cite_note-Deary.2C_Johnson_.26_Houlihan_2009-115'][115][/URL] A 2005 literature review article by Sternberg, Grigorenko and Kidd stated that no gene has been shown to be linked to intelligence, "so attempts to provide a compelling genetic link of race to intelligence are not feasible at this time".[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#cite_note-FOOTNOTESternbergGrigorenkoKidd200546-116'][116][/URL] [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#CITEREFHunt2010']Hunt (2010)[/URL], p. 447 and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#CITEREFMackintosh2011']Mackintosh (2011)[/URL], p. 344 concurred, both scholars noting that while several environmental factors have been shown to influence the IQ gap, the evidence for a genetic influence has been circumstantial, and according to Mackintosh negligible. Mackintosh however suggests that it may never become possible to account satisfyingly for the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors. The 2012 review by the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#CITEREFNisbettAronsonBlairDickens2012']Nisbett et al. (2012)[/URL] concluded that "Almost no genetic polymorphisms have been discovered that are consistently associated with variation in IQ in the normal range". Hunt and several other researchers however maintain that genetic causes cannot be ruled out and that new evidence may yet show a genetic contribution to the gap. Hunt concurs with Rushton and Jensen who considered the 100% environmental hypothesis to be impossible. Nonetheless, Nisbett and colleagues (2012) consider the entire IQ gap to be explained by the environmental factors that have thus far been demonstrated to influence it, and Mackintosh does not find this view to be unreasonable.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#cite_note-FOOTNOTENisbettAronsonBlairDickens2012-24'][24][/URL] [/QUOTE]
Esikatsele
Nimimerkki
Varmistus
Kuinka monta kirjainta on sanassa KISSA?
Lähetä vastaus
Uusimmat
Luetuimmat
Kuumimmat
Uusimmat
Näytä kaikki
1.
"Ruotsinsuomalaisten kattojärjestö haluaa, että vähemmistöön kohdistuneita epäiltyjä rikkomuksia selvitettäisiin."
34 min sitten
vierailija
0 Viestiä
Aihe vapaa
2.
Russische DJs liste
Tänään 00:57
vierailija
1 Viestiä
Aihe vapaa
3.
Mistä ihmeestä saa valkoisia puseroita mistä ei näy läpi?
Tänään 00:07
vierailija
0 Viestiä
Aihe vapaa
4.
Tinder mies kysyi
Eilen 23:30
vierailija
1 Viestiä
Aihe vapaa
5.
IL: ”Miksi ihmeessä 54-vuotias on kiinnostunut 18-vuotiaan seurasta baarissa?”
Eilen 22:36
vierailija
49 Viestiä
Aihe vapaa
6.
"Verohallituksen entinen pääjohtaja Mikko Laaksonen (SDP), 69, ampui tiistaiaamuna haulikolla kaksi laukausta ilmaan korkeimman oikeuden edessä"
Eilen 20:52
vierailija
18 Viestiä
Aihe vapaa
7.
Tutkimuksen mukaan naiset eivät luota itseensä, vaan haluavat yhteiskunnan huolehtivan heistä
Eilen 20:39
vierailija
3 Viestiä
Aihe vapaa
8.
Venäjän talouskasvu edelleen huippuluokkaa, OrpoPurra lisää kauppaa venäjän sotateollisuuden kanssa
Eilen 19:15
vierailija
0 Viestiä
Aihe vapaa
Luetuimmat
1.
"Caritan, Tuulan ja Riikan elämän piti olla Espanjassa täynnä aurinkoa, mutta nyt tuli karu käänne – ”On itketty ja kiroiltu”"
Started by vierailija
Sunnuntai klo 11:24
Luettu: 3K
Aihe vapaa
2.
Häiriseeköhän Vornasen vaimoa se, että mies painii ja ammuskelee 18 vuotiaan mimmin vuoksi?
Started by vierailija
Maanantai klo 20:54
Luettu: 1K
Aihe vapaa
3.
mietitkö koskaan omaa vanhenemistasi
Started by viisikymppinen isoäiti
Maanantai klo 09:08
Luettu: 1K
Aihe vapaa
4.
Timo Vornanen saa osallistua eduskunnan täysistuntoon ensi viikolla
Started by vierailija
Sunnuntai klo 12:09
Luettu: 1K
Aihe vapaa
5.
Persulla on niin kova krapula, että jää kahden viikon sairauslomalle
Started by vierailija
Maanantai klo 01:54
Luettu: 887
Aihe vapaa
6.
Ei ollut joukkoraiskauksen estäminen, ei ollut itsepuolustusta
Started by vierailija
Maanantai klo 23:51
Luettu: 674
Aihe vapaa
7.
Miehenä pitää olla hirveän varovainen nykyaikana
Started by vierailija
Tiistai klo 12:58
Luettu: 659
Aihe vapaa
8.
"Arhinmäellä vauhti päällä – Heiluttaa punalippua Hakaniementorilla ja kehottaa kapinaan"
Started by vierailija
Tiistai klo 10:24
Luettu: 645
Aihe vapaa
Kuumimmat
Näytä kaikki
1.
Ketjujen KETJU 2024 (K24)
Latest: Johnny Appleseed
19 min sitten
Aihe vapaa
2.
IL: ”Miksi ihmeessä 54-vuotias on kiinnostunut 18-vuotiaan seurasta baarissa?”
Latest: vierailija
24 min sitten
Aihe vapaa
3.
"Ruotsinsuomalaisten kattojärjestö haluaa, että vähemmistöön kohdistuneita epäiltyjä rikkomuksia selvitettäisiin."
Latest: vierailija
34 min sitten
Aihe vapaa
4.
Kevätaurinko sekoitti totaalisesti kilttimiehen pään. Katsokaa mitä umpisekosettiä häneltä pukkaa!
Latest: vierailija
34 min sitten
Aihe vapaa
5.
Lähetä terveisesi kaipaamallesi ihmiselle yöketju
Latest: vierailija
59 min sitten
Aihe vapaa
6.
Russische DJs liste
Latest: vierailija
Tänään 01:08
Aihe vapaa
7.
"Verohallituksen entinen pääjohtaja Mikko Laaksonen (SDP), 69, ampui tiistaiaamuna haulikolla kaksi laukausta ilmaan korkeimman oikeuden edessä"
Latest: vierailija
Tänään 01:06
Aihe vapaa
8.
K/B-komposti
Latest: vierailija
Tänään 00:44
Aihe vapaa
Yhteistyössä
Aihe vapaa
Abstakti ajattelu...
Ylös
Bottom
+ Aloita uusi keskustelu